This chapter provides new evidence on educational inequality and reviews the literature on the causes and consequences of unequal education.

The Accord comprises nine key principles that guide Aboriginal health research in South Australia: priorities, involvement, partnership, respect, communication, reciprocity, ownership, control, and knowledge translation and exchange. It provides a voice for Aboriginal communities to inform researchers on how they would like health research to be conducted in their communities. Consistently applying the nine principles of the Accord will increase the impact and benefit of health research for Aboriginal people in Australia.